Cell Specialization: Osteoclasts

The osteoclast is a multinucleated cell, human osteoclasts typically have five nuclei. These cells are also about 150-200 µm in diameter and are found in the pit of the bone’s surface, called the resorption bays or Howship’s lacunae. Osteoclasts are characterized by a cytoplasm that creates a sort of "foamy" appearance. This is due to the high concentration of vesicles and vacuoles. Another prominent characteristic is the cell's dozens of nuclei. An osteoclast has all the same organelles as a typical eukaryotic cell. The tissue type of an osteoclast is connective tissue.

In general, bone cells control the development of new bones and continual bone remodeling. They also keep the maintenance of bones as well as keeping a homeostatic regulation of minerals in the body. Specifically, osteoclasts break down bone tissue. They disassemble and digest the composite of hydrated protein and mineral at a molecular level by secreting acid and a collagenase (an enzyme that breaks the peptide bonds in collagen). In addition, they are also very critical Critical in the maintenance, repair, and remodeling of bones of the vertebral skeleton.